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I n 2008, wind energy enjoyed another record-breaking year of industry growth. By installing 8,358 megawatts (MW) of new generation during the year, the U.S. wind energy industry took the lead in global installed wind energy capacity with a total of 25,170 MW. According to initial estimates, the new wind projects completed in 2008 account for about 40% of all new U.S. power- producing capacity added last year. The wind energy industry’s rapid expansion in 2008 demonstrates the potential for .
During their migrations, raptors often concentrate in large numbers along regionally and globally significant migration flyways. Many flyways are in wind-prone areas where migrants fly at low altitudes while slope soaring on updrafts. Wind turbines already occur at sites along many of these flyways and their construction has been proposed at other sites. Hawk Mountain Sanctuary (HMS) recognizes the environmental benefits of wind power for addressing problems associated with climate change and environmental pollution. HMS also recognizes its .
Wind power plants generate electricity when the wind is blowing, and the plant output depends on the wind speed. Wind speeds cannot be predicted with high accuracy over daily periods, and the wind often fluctuates from minute to minute and hour to hour. Consequently, electric utility system planners and operators are concerned that variations in wind plant output may increase the operating costs of the system. This concern arises because the system must maintain balance between the aggregate .
The main factors governing wind power economics are: • Investment costs, including wind turbines, foundations and grid connection • Operation and maintenance costs • Electricity production/average wind speed • Turbine lifetime • Discount rate Of these, the most important parameters are the wind turbines’ electricity production and their investment costs. As electricity production is highly
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in moving air into rotational energy, which in turn is converted to electricity. Since wind speeds vary from month to month and second to second, the amount of electricity wind can make varies constantly. Sometimes a wind turbine will make no power at all. This variability does affect the value of the wind power, but not in the way many people expect.
Wind power is striding into national public view as the elegant icon of energy security and action to curb global warming, and for good reason. Clean, cost-effective, inexhaustible, and readily available, wind power is an essential element of the solution to both climate change and America’s increasing demand for electricity. As this annual report points out, the U.S. wind energy industry is putting up equipment